Which element of literature often uses exaggeration to highlight flaws in individuals or society?

The correct choice, which is satire, aptly applies exaggeration as a tool to critique and ridicule flaws in individuals or societal norms. Satire often highlights weaknesses, follies, and vices, aiming to inspire change or provoke thought by presenting these issues in an exaggerated or humorous manner. This technique forces the audience to reflect on the absurdities of behaviors or societal structures, making it an effective vehicle for commentary.

In contrast, parody focuses on imitating a particular style or work to create humor; while this can involve exaggeration, its primary goal is to entertain rather than critique. Metaphor serves a different purpose by comparing two unlike things to convey deeper meaning without necessarily aiming to criticize. Irony, while it can point out incongruities and flaws, typically relies on the contrast between expectation and reality rather than outright exaggeration. Thus, satire stands out as the literary element that strategically employs exaggeration for critical reflection.