What term refers to a strong verbal denunciation, notably stemming from speeches against Philip of Macedonia?

The term that refers to a strong verbal denunciation, particularly linked to speeches against Philip of Macedonia, is "Philippic." This term originates from a series of speeches delivered by the orator Demosthenes in ancient Greece, aimed at criticizing King Philip II of Macedonia. These speeches were characterized by their fervent and forceful rhetoric, which highlighted the threats posed by Philip to Greek city-states. As a result, a "Philippic" has come to denote any similar passionate denunciation or invective directed at an individual or group, especially in a political context. The historical significance and association with a well-known speaker further solidify its specific meaning and use in literary criticism.

Other terms, while related to strong criticism, do not carry the same historical weight or specificity as "Philippic." For example, "diatribe" generally refers to a forceful and bitter verbal attack, while "screed" refers to a lengthy discourse that may be more informal or rambling. "Harangue" implies a loud and aggressive speech, but does not necessarily connect to the historical context of denouncing Philip of Macedonia. Thus, "Philippic" stands out as the precise term for this type of oratory