What is the term for a work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way?

The term that describes a work revealing a critical attitude toward a specific aspect of human behavior through extreme portrayal is satire. Satire uses humor, exaggeration, or ridicule to highlight flaws, vices, or folly in individuals, institutions, or societal norms. By presenting these elements in an exaggerated, often absurd manner, satire encourages the audience to recognize the shortcomings being addressed, thereby provoking thought and sometimes encouraging change.

In contrast, parody mimics or imitates another work or style for comedic effect, rather than strictly aiming to critique human behavior. Allegory involves a narrative in which characters and events symbolize broader concepts and moral lessons, rather than focusing primarily on critique. Exposition serves to explain or provide background information within a narrative, without necessarily utilizing critical commentary or exaggeration. Thus, the essence of satire lies in its unique ability to critique while entertaining, making it the correct choice in this context.